As I go through this guide, you'll find references to Project 2010 (both Standard and Professional) and Project Server 2010. This is because Project Standard 2010 and Project Professional 2010 provide a subset of the features offered by Project Server 2010. While I am focusing primarily on Project Server, I am also including information related to these other versions of Project since it is also applicable to Project Server. If you want to understand which features are available for each version of this software, you can compare their features here.
NOTE: At the bottom of this study guide I have included some brief information previewing Project Server 2013. As noted in the TechNet site where this information resides, "this documentation is preliminary and subject to change".